Understanding the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Bladder Cancer
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Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased risk of bladder cancer, relative to non-diabetic individuals. We aimed to investigate factors that may influence this association.
Some reports suggest an association between the glucose-lowering drug pioglitazone and bladder cancer. Our first objective was to quantify the potential risk of bladder cancer with pioglitazone use, using meta-analytic techniques. Other studies observed a time-varying risk of cancer in T2DM. Our second objective was to assess temporal trends in the risk of bladder cancer in newly diagnosed T2DM vs. non-diabetic individuals.
In our systematic review, we saw that pioglitazone use was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, but this was not seen with other drugs in the same class. In our administrative cohort study, bladder cancer risk was significantly elevated only in the first year following T2DM diagnosis, and only in the lowest category of physician visits before T2DM diagnosis.