Vapor Deposition of Semiconducting Phosphorus Allotropes into TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
| dc.contributor.author | Pawan Kumar | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-05-01T20:51:45Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-05-01T20:51:45Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-05-09 | |
| dc.description | Recent evidence of exponential environmental degradation will demand a drastic shift in research and development toward exploiting alternative energy resources such as solar energy. Here, we report the successful low-cost and easily accessible synthesis of hybrid semiconductor@TiO2 nanotube photocatalysts. In order to realize its maximum potential in harvesting photons in the visible-light range, TiO2 nanotubes have been loaded with earth-abundant, low-band-gap fibrous red and black phosphorus (P). Scanning electron microscopy– and scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, and UV–vis measurements have been performed, substantiating the deposition of fibrous red and black P on top and inside the cavities of 100-μm-long electrochemically fabricated nanotubes. The nanotubular morphology of titania and a vapor-transport technique are utilized to form heterojunctions of P and TiO2. Compared to pristine anatase 3.2 eV TiO2 nanotubes, the creation of heterojunctions in the hybrid material resulted in 1.5–2.1 eV photoelectrocatalysts. An enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance under visible light compared with the individual components resulted for the P@TiO2 hybrids. This feature is due to synergistically improved charge separation in the heterojunction and more effective visible-light absorption. The electronic band structure and charge-carrier dynamics are investigated in detail using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy to elucidate the charge-separation mechanism. A Fermi-level alignment in P@TiO2 heterojunctions leads to a more reductive flat-band potential and a deeper valence band compared to pristine P and thus facilitates a better water-splitting performance. Our results demonstrate effective conversion efficiencies for the nanostructured hybrids, which may enable future applications in optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical catalysts, and sensors. | |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.7939/r3-mg7z-we25 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Vapor Deposition of Semiconducting Phosphorus Allotropes into TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting | |
| dc.title | Vapor Deposition of Semiconducting Phosphorus Allotropes into TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting | |
| dc.type | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| ual.jupiterAccess | http://terms.library.ualberta.ca/public |
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